#Voltage meeter verification
#Voltage meeter simulator

It is also developed to give the close signal to the selected Circuit Breaker on synchronization close permission from the synchroscope. Logic model is developed to select the running and incoming voltages & frequencies to be synchronized. Logic model is a schematic to control the process component and to select the component according to the input from the control panel. Fig 6 shows the soft panel of synchronizing unit and synchronizing instrument. Soft panel of synchronizing unit is developed by ar- ranging these models according to the hardware panel component. Fig 5 shows the Double frequency component and emulated model of Double frequency meter. Fig 4 shows the Double voltmeter component and emulated model of Double voltmeter. In Double voltage meter, the needle rotates up to the calculated percentage of input value and in Double frequency meter, the output is displayed as colour indication. Output value = (input analog value /(maximum -minimum )) *100. The model calculates output value as a percentage of input analog value with reference to the maximum and minimum limits. 2) Double Voltage/frequency meter: Double voltage meter model consists of two analog inputs, and maximum & minimum limits. 3 shows the synchroscope instrument and emulated synchroscope model. Digital output is to give the sync permission when the needle comes near to '12 o вЂ™clock' reference position. Analog input is used to change the speed of synchroscope needle rotation. The fourth input is used to select the acceleration of the needle ('1'=fast, '0'=slow) based on the magnitude of frequency error. Third digital input is used to select the direction of needle rotation ('1'=clockwise, '0'=anti clockwise) based on the polarity of the frequency error.

Two digital inputs are used to power on and energize the synchroscope. 1)Synchroscope: Synchroscope model consists of four digital input, one analog input and one digital output. Modelling includes emulating the models to imitate the char- acteristics of the components on hardware panel like double voltmeters, double frequency meters, synchroscope etc. Virtual panel of synchronizing unit is modelled and integrated in the simulation environment.

#Voltage meeter verification

It is used to display run time parameters for voltage, frequency etc for verification and validation.

#Voltage meeter simulator

Generally, the Virtual Panels are used during the development stage of training simulator for testing the process model and the control logics. Virtual Panels are basically soft panels which represents the actual control room panels. MODELLING OF SYNCHRONISING UNIT Modelling of synchroscope includes logic modelling to select the corresponding voltages and frequencies to be synchronized, virtual panel modelling to display the voltages & frequencies to be synchronized and to show the synchroscope needle rotation according to the frequency difference, integration of synchronizing unit in the simulator environment. When the synchroscope indicates 0 o phase difference, the pointer is at the '12 o вЂ™clock' position and the two power sources are in phase. It is designed such that if incoming frequency is higher than running frequency, it will rotate in the clockwise direction if incoming frequency is less than running frequency, it will rotate in the counter clockwise direction. In case the frequencies of the incoming and running power sources are different, the synchroscope rotates at a speed corresponding to the frequency difference. Synchroscope measures and displays the frequency difference, voltage difference and phase angle between two power systems. The two electrical systems are considered synchronized when both the systems are operating at the same frequency, voltage and phase angle. In AC electrical power systems, a Synchroscope is a device that indicates the degree to which two systems (Alternators or power networks) are synchronized with each other. SYNCHRONISING UNIT A synchronising unit consisting of a synchroscope, a double frequency meter and a double voltmeter, is one of the devices mounted on control room panels. Figure-2 shows the Hardware architecture of PFBR Operator Training Simulator.

It takes inputs from control panels and consoles through I/O systems, processes them and responds by giving the information to I/O system for display on indicators, re- corders and initiate alarms in real time.

Simulation Computer executes various mathematical models of the sub-systems in real time. hardware architecture of PFBR Operator Training Simulator consists of plant consoles and control panels, Simulation Computer, Input /Output systems, Instructor Station, Simulation Network and Power Supply.